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Ammonium Bifluoride as an alternative to Hydrofluoric Acid

Any stage of the deposit development leads to the reduction of the reservoir permeability of the bottom-hole area. The reasons behind it may be in the increased water saturation of the rocks, reduced oil relative permeability, rock compaction in the bottom-hole area due to the hydrodynamic influence, salting-up, etc.
Various methods are used to restore the permeability: well acidizing and thermal treatment, surfactant injection and other reagents, mud acid treatment processes. Well acidizing mostly involves using of the hydrofluoric acid. This method is quite effective but the point is that hydrofluoric acid is poisonous and its use poses a risk to human health due to the emission of toxic vapors.
Using ammonium bifluoride can be a good alternative to the hydrofluoric acid since it is an equally effective reagent for the treatment of the bottom-hole area to restore and even improve its filtration properties, but much safer in operation. More than that, it should be recognized that using ammonium bifluoride reduces financial costs by up to 15 %. All these advantages make ammonium bifluoride an ideal choice for oil and gas producers.

Activated Carbon AG-3 for the solution purification in the oil and gas processing

Due to the developed structure of its micro- and macro-pores, activated carbon AG-3 is a universal substance for the adsorption of various organic compounds from liquid and gaseous mediums. It is widely used in the desulphurization and purification of processing solutions in the gas extraction and conversion and also in the purification of vapors, solutions and gases in the oil refinery. Besides, activated carbon AG-3 is used in the effluent treatment.
Mechanical reliability of the carbon allows using of large-volume structures as it provides for their long operational life.

Using of acids in the oil production

Acidic treatment is one of the methods to increase the yield of a well due to the injection of the acid directly to the productive formation to open channels through the reaction between chemicals and minerals. As its name suggest, acidic treatment involves using of various acids. For instance, hydrochloric acid is used for the limestone dissolution.
In addition to the hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric, methanoic and acetic acids are also widely used, depending on the type of the rock or minerals of the productive formation. Hydrofluoric acid is applied to dissolve sandstones. It is effective in cleansing of perforations which have been dirtied with the drilling mud and in restoring permeability functions of the wellbore area. Methanoic and acetic acids are used in the deep super-hot limestone and dolomite productive formations as well as for the formation breakdown prior to the perforation process. On top of that, acetic acid is bled into wells as a neutralizing buffering agent to control pH-levels of the borehole fluids and influence the reservoir.
ATTENTION! Some acids are precursors and that means you should have a special license to purchase or sell them. Make sure that your supplier of chemical products does have such a license and take a due care to obtain one for yourself.

Barite: the principal component in drilling

Common clays cannot produce a drilling mud with the density above 1,3 g/cm3 due to the significant viscosity increase. You can improve density properties only through the addition of certain loading materials which constitute finely ground powders of heavy minerals. One of such loading materials is barite.
Barite is used in the deep drilling in the oil and gas rotary extraction. Thanks to its high specific gravity, excellent usability, chemical inertness, flexibility and price affordability, barite is widely used for the production of drilling fluids.
The advantage of the barite lies in the fact that it contains a small quantity of soluble salts (electrolytes) which increase drilling mud viscosity as well as in the relatively small grain hardness. The hardness of the loading material grains is critical for the depreciation of the parts of drilling pumps, turbo-drills, drilling pipes and drill bits.
Barite salinity is considered essential in drilling of oil and gas wells and this is precisely why most of all withdrawable barite goes to these very purposes.

Using bentonite to prevent rock sloughing

In most cases, extraction of oil and gas involves drilling processes. However, drilling often triggers sloughing of rocks which, in turn, may lead to the longer duration of the overall process and, as a result, to the consequent cost increase. Thus, certain specialized admixtures are used to avoid sloughing, and one of them is bentonite. .
Bentonite drilling mud has a number of advantages in comparison with other admixtures. Bentonite is a multi-component mixture, most part of which (about 70 %) is made up of montmorillonites and layered aluminosilicates that have excellent dispersive properties. These minerals improve viscosity of the final substance and have a positive influence upon its hydrophilic character.
Once the moisture has been completely absorbed, bentonite turns into a gel mass which envelopes wellbore walls and prevents rock sloughing. Simultaneously, it eliminates any adverse effect of the moisture content to the rock. Furthermore, this gel has good viscosity properties and is used in the activities related to sinking or reaming of wells.
Another important attribute of this admixture resides in its capability to return to the solid state due to the mechanical effect of the bit performance. It also helps to avoid feed screw sticking and cools down a drilling head which all together improve sliding and prevent damages as the temperature rises when dealing with solid rocks.